'CreatePopupMenu' is used for a context menu (shortcut menu) like the one that apperas when you right-click and you get 'copy','cut','paste' etc.
What you're describing is a 'modal' window. You just create a window the standard win32 way, with WNDCLASSEX/CreateWindow()/RegisterWindow(), but to make sure that the window is modal you have to do a little bit more tweaking.
You can either temporary disable the parent window with eg, EnableWindow(), or block messages in the message loop, while the modal window is open.
There may be a specialised function for modal windows, something like Dialog() or DialogBox().
I haven't worked with modal windows in native win32 myself, so this is just my theory, but it should work. Google 'modeless vs modal' and similar terms to find some standard C++.