This is a wonderful topic!
Please count me in on this one...
I say "Yes to all!"
To quote Mr. Quadraxas...
"Spherical terrains = not possible, terrain is a fixed grid of vertices with different height values."
In my view... The above statement is NOT entirley correct!
Actually, the first part is NOT correct... The second part of course is true...
Of course spherical terrains ARE possible...
Hence...
Spherical terrains = ARE possible...
Theoretically speaking of course, there is a key that un-locks any door!
The key in this case, is to create multiple terrains that mate against their adjacent terrains properly.
Whether they are upside down or not is immaterial.
But, properly doing so, is easier said than done and the physics needs to work with a centripetal force...
Unfortunately 3dgs terrains cannot be rotated, therefore the upside down terrains need to be converted into models.
None-the-less models can be used similar to terrains and the whole sphere could be made of terrains converted to models.
As far as runtime terrains...
Theoretically it is possible to tie a mobile pc/laptop to a mainframe system whereby the local pc could access a library database and
call the desired terrains by latitude and longitude from "Raster Roam" for example then call the proper database such as "Google Earth" for
example for the mating skins and thereby create accurate terrains and skins for any place in the world on the fly.
Then as you move the system could create more accurately skinned terrains and add them to the game as you fly or move...
I have worked with terrains much and thought about your topic even more.
I am sure it can be done with maybe the exception of adding terrains during runtime without re-starting the Game...
Anyways...
Good topic...
And I just love giving Quadraxas something new to hit me with...
Have at er Quad !