What would be a good way to get information stored in a file or database related to the entities?

For example when I stored let's say the following information:

name: desk
description: A desk made of dark wood ...
canBeTaken: no
text_take: Sorry, I can't take it. It's too heavy.
canBePushed: yes
text_push: Let's try.
canBeCombined: yes
canBeCombinedWithObjectID: 13
canBeOpened: yes
isOpen: no

... and so on.

What would be a good way to access all those data without reading in a file or accessing a database with every action?

Can I use structs for that? How and when would I fill the structs object with those data and how to build the relation between the entity and the struct object? How can those data like 'isOpen' be persistated so that a door that was opened before is still open when I come back to this door? Can I use the skills to store those state information?