originally I thought of something like in Rome Total War, I mean the 10 year old version, not the new RTW2, where on close distance you can see very simple fur-like grass blades (on high graphics settings they recieve shadows):
in the following edition, Medieval Total War 2, there are grass models used I think, during playing it can be seen that they are not billboards, and appearing in groups similarly if I place grass models consisting of severasl sprite like plates in 3dgs:
as I remeber Heelx put a link to this forum of an article decribing vegetation shaders used in a AAA game, but I do not really understand that.