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'The Creator of the extremities of the earth'... sounds like the entire earth was meant after all.
In modern day speech we also refer to the ends of the earth. They are called "poles."

And the four corners couldnt possibly be referring to a cubic shape, for a cube has 8 corners.

No, the 'four corners' could mean the same as 'four corners' used elsewhere in the Bible:

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And thou shalt cast four rings of gold for it, and put them in the four corners thereof; and two rings shall be in the one side of it, and two rings in the other side of it.
Ex 25:12 description of the ark

These 4 corners are more directional then the actual corners of the ark because the ark had 8 corners, these corners refer to the sides in between the 8 corners. Which if you have a projection on a rectangle you actually have four corners.



This image of course has four corners which is what the Bible was talking about: in short, the four directions.

And the language is not even antiquitated. We use North, south, east and west in our daily communications.

The circle that the Bible was referring to was probably the equator.

But there was indeeed evidence that the ancient civilizations knew about the planets shape, and even the solar system:



In this sumerian tablet you can see in the top left corner a sun sphere surrounded by 11 planets, the same number we have:

Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

and 3 dwarf planets::
Pluto
Ceres
2003 UB313


The 12th one you see on the tablet is the legendary nibiru. Note that the guy sitting on the throne in the tablet, if you straighten him out he is much taller than the other guys, this corresponds with the Bible teachings of:

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Gen 6:4 There were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown.